Heart disease is a broad term that encompasses various conditions affecting the heart’s function and structure. The most common types of heart disease include coronary artery disease (CAD), arrhythmias, heart valve disease, heart failure, and congenital heart defects. Coronary artery disease is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart, which can result in chest pain, heart attacks, or even sudden cardiac arrest. Arrhythmias refer to irregular heartbeats that can be either too fast, too slow, or erratic, disrupting the heart’s normal rhythm.

Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart’s valves do not function properly, leading to issues such as valve narrowing or leakage, which can affect blood flow. Heart failure happens when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, resulting in symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Congenital heart defects are present at birth and may involve malformations of the heart’s structure, affecting how blood flows through the heart. Understanding these different types of heart disease is crucial for early detection and appropriate treatment to manage these conditions effectively.